Why do male lions have manes?

Answer: Protection and sexual selection

Camouflage in tall grass — Wrong. Manes are opposite of camouflage—make males conspicuous. Function is protection during fights and sexual display.

Storing extra fat reserves — Wrong. Manes are hair, not fat storage. They protect important neck/throat during male combat and signal genetic fitness to females.

Protection and sexual selection ✓ — Correct! Dual function! Lion manes serve: (1) Protection—cushions neck/throat during male-male combat (fighting for pride control). (2) Sexual selection—females prefer larger, darker manes (indicates health, testosterone, genetic quality). (3) Intimidation—makes males look larger. Mane growth: testosterone-dependent. Trade-offs: overheating (manes hot), conspicuous (harder to hunt). Maneless males exist (Tsavo lions)—environmental adaptation. Only male lions have manes (unique among big cats)!